10 Décembre 1888 : le premier emprunt russe : Prêter à la Russie, c’est prêter à la France !

Le premier emprunt russe a été émis le 10 Décembre 1988.  Pendant 25 ans, près de 2 millions de français investiront l’équivalent de 60 milliards d’Euros (valeur 2008) et seront ruinés lorsque la Russie bolchevique refusera d’honorer cette dette.

A la fin du 19ème siècle, l'Europe vit sous la loi des alliances. Alors que l'Allemagne et la Russie s'éloignent, Saint-Petersbourg et Paris se rapprochent. La Russie a besoin d'argent et la France d'amis pour faire face à la Triplice (l'Allemagne, l'Autriche et l'Italie). La "slovophilie" tourne à l'hystérie.

En 1888, Moscou émet quatre emprunts de 500 millions de francs-or, sous la bénédiction des pouvoirs français publics. L'Alliance franco-russe de 1891 assure le succès des emprunts qui se multiplient. Les épargnants se ruent alors aux guichets des banques pour faire acte de patriotisme et prêter à Alexandre III (on construira même un pont à Paris sur la Seine qui porte son nom), puis à Nicolas II, à la Ville de Moscou, ou aux chemins de fer de Semiretchensk, etc.

Un engouement s’est manifesté pour cette épargne, au point que pendant trente ans, le gouvernement et les médias français vont encourager les épargnants français à investir dans les emprunts russes. Au total, un tiers de l’épargne française fut placé en Russie pour un montant d’environ 15 milliards de francs or. De 1887 à 1913, l’exportation nette de capitaux correspondait à 3,5% du PNB de la France.

« Prêter à la Russie, c’est prêter à la France ! » : cette phrase est tirée d’affiches publicitaires incitant les épargnants à acheter des emprunts russes. Les risques de solvabilité de l’État russe qui avaient conduit l’Allemagne à arrêter tout prêt à la Russie ne semblaient pas entacher l’optimisme des gouvernements français. 1897 accentua même le phénomène. Le rouble se rattache à l’or et accroît ce caractère de sécurité.

Outre une campagne gouvernementale massive pour favoriser les emprunts russes, les médias français ont insisté lourdement sur l’intérêt d’aider la Russie. Plus tard, on apprendra que ces mêmes médias ont été grassement payés pendant plusieurs années par l’État russe qui leur versait de fortes commissions. Les banques n’étaient pas en reste. Lors de toute émission d’emprunt, la banque est rémunérée via des frais qu’elle perçoit à chaque fois qu’un investisseur décide de participer à cet emprunt. Pour le seul Crédit Lyonnais, on estime que 30% des profits réalisés avant 1914 l’étaient grâce aux seuls emprunts russes. De telles sommes expliquent, en grande partie, la surdité des établissements bancaires et leur manque de communication et de transparence financières.

Les emprunts russes garantissaient à leur détenteur une « sécurité à 100% » (soutenus par l’État français) et des performances intéressantes au regard du marché financier de l’époque. Les émissions des emprunts se sont accélérées pour ralentir au début du XXe siècle. À l’époque, l’épargne d’un Français était sa « bouée de sauvetage » pour ce que l’on n’appelait pas encore retraite. Il n’était ainsi pas rare de voir une famille placer toutes ses économies dans des emprunts russes, comme on les aurait placées dans des emprunts d’État français.

Avant la Grande Guerre, l'opposition à Nicolas II intervient déjà auprès de Clémenceau pour mettre en garde le gouvernement français contre le risque de non-remboursement.  En 1904, la guerre russo-japonaise provoque une panique. Mais les banques, qui y trouvent leur intérêt, se font rassurantes. Les épargnants "reprennent" alors pour 400 millions de bons du Trésor Russe. En 1914, 1,6 millions de porteurs ont prêté 12 milliards de francs-or à un empire au bord du gouffre. La France est devenue le premier créancier de la Russie.

La Révolution d'Octobre de 1917 brise le rêve et ouvre une attente qui se prolongera longtemps. Le 25 octobre 1917, les Bolcheviks triomphent à Moscou. Le 7 novembre, les derniers coupons sont payés en France. Deux mois plus tard, Lénine décide de ne plus reconnaître les dettes de l'ancien régime par un décret qui répudia unilatéralement l’intégralité de ces dettes.

En 2007, l’État russe a effectué un « remboursement symbolique » aux porteurs d’emprunts.

Voici l'adresse principale de l' UNION DES PORTEURS d' EMPRUNTS RUSSES 

Chronique de la Dette

www.24hGold.com

On trouvera ci-dessous la liste des emprunts russes émis pour la période (source : School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES) Library, University College London)

CATALOGUE DES EMPRUNTS IMPERIAUX RUSSES

RUI/1 - Bonds issued by companies "A" (1909-1916)

Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -

• Akkerman (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1913)
  
• Altai (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1912)
  
• Armavir-Touapse (20 Pounds Sterling) (1909)
  
• Armavir-Touapse (100 Pounds Sterling) (1909)
  
• Armavir-Touapse (500 Pounds Sterling) (1909)
  
• Armavir-Touapse (20 Pounds Sterling) (1913)
  
• Armavir-Touapse (100 Pounds Sterling) (1913)
  
• Armavir-Touapse (500 Pounds Sterling) (1913)
  
• Atchinsk-Minoussinsk (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
  
• Atchinsk-Minoussinsk (100 Russian Roubles) (1916)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/2 - Bonds issued by companies "B" (1910-1916)

Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -

• Baku (20 Pounds Sterling) (1910)
  
• Baku (100 Pounds Sterling) (1910)
  
• Baku (500 Pounds Sterling) (1910)
  
• Bessarabische (100 Russian Roubles) (1916)
  
• Black Sea Kuban (20 Russian Roubles) (1911)
  
• Black Sea Kuban (100 Pounds Sterling) (1911)
  
• Black Sea Kuban (500 Pounds Sterling) (1911)
  
• Boukhara (197.50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/3 - Bonds issued by companies "C" (1859-1913)

Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -

• Chemin de Fer Black Sea (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1913)
  
• Chemin de Fer Securities Russian (1000 Russian Roubles) (1895)
  
• Consolidated 6 Emmission (125 Silver Roubles) (1880)
  
• Consolidated 1 Series (125 Gold Roubles) (1889)
  
• Consolidated 2 Series (125 Gold Roubles) (1889)
  
• Consolidated 3 Series (125 Gold Roubles) (1890)
  
• Consolidated Rentes (500 French Francs) (1901)
  
• Consolidated Rentes (25000 French Francs) (1901)
  
• Conversion Loan (100 Pounds Sterling) (1859)
  
• Conversion Loan (1000 Pounds Sterling) (1859)
  
• Conversion Loan (150 Russian Roubles) (1898)
  
• Conversion Loan (750 Russian Roubles) (1898)
  
• Conversion Loan (1500 Russian Roubles) (1898)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/4 - Bonds issued by companies "D" (1893;1894)

Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -

• Donetz (125 Silver Roubles) (1893)
  
• Dvinsk-Vitebsk (20 Pounds Sterling) (1894)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/5 - Bonds issued by companies "F" (1913-1914)

Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -

• Ferghana (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
  
• First Russian Railway (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1913)
  
• First Russian Railway (937.50 Russian Roubles) (1913)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/6 - Bonds issued by companies "G" (1859-1896)

Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -

• Gold Loan (125 Gold Roubles) (1889)
  
• Gold Loan (500 French Francs) (1891)
  
• Gold Loan (125 Gold Roubles) (1893)
  
• Gold Loan (125 Gold Roubles) (1894)
  
• Gold Loan (500 French Francs) (1894)
  
• Gold Loan (187.50 Gold Roubles) (1896)
  
• Gold Loan - 2nd Issue (125 Gold Roubles) (1890)
  
• Gold Loan - 2nd Issue (125 Gold Roubles) (1894)
  
• Gold Loan - 3rd Issue (125 Gold Roubles) (1890)
  
• Grand Russian Railway - 1st Series (500 Silver Roubles) (1859)
  
• Grand Russian Railway - 2nd Series (500 Silver Roubles) (1859)
  
• Grand Russian Railway (125 Silver Roubles) (1861)
  
• Grand Russian Railway (125 Silver Roubles) (1881)
  
• Grand Russian Railway (625 Silver Roubles) (1888)
  
• Grand Russian Railway (625 Silver Roubles) (1890)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/7 - Bonds issued by companies "I" (1822-1916)

Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -

• Imperial Land Bank (100 Russian Roubles) (1889)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (500 Russian Roubles) (1896)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (150 Russian Roubles) (1897)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (750 Russian Roubles) (1897)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (5000 Russian Roubles) (1897)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (1500 Russian Roubles) (1897)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (1000 Russian Roubles) (1897)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (10000 Russian Roubles) (1897)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (100 Russian Roubles) (1898)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (150 Russian Roubles) (1898)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (1000 Russian Roubles) (1898)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (750 Russian Roubles) (1898)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (1500 Russian Roubles) (1898)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (10000 Russian Roubles) (1898)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (100 Russian Roubles) (1900)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (750 Russian Roubles) (1900)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (100 Russian Roubles) (1903)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (150 Russian Roubles) (1903)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (750 Russian Roubles) (1903)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (1000 Russian Roubles) (1912)
  
• Imperial Land Bank (1000 Russian Roubles) (1914)
  
• Internal Loan (500 Russian Roubles) (1905)
  
• Internal Loan (200 Russian Roubles) (1905)
  
• Internal Loan (1000 Russian Roubles) (1908)
  
• Internal Loan (100 Russian Roubles) (1908)
  
• Internal Loan (5000 Russian Roubles) (1908)
  
• Internal Loan (100 Russian Roubles) (1866)
  
• Internal Loan (100 Russian Roubles) (1864)
  
• Internal Loan (100 Russian Roubles) (1905)
  
• Internal Loan (1000 Russian Roubles) (1905)
  
• Internal Loan (5000 Russian Roubles) (1905)
  
• Internal Loan (50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
  
• Internal Loan (100 Russian Roubles) (1914)
  
• Internal Loan (200 Russian Roubles) (1914)
  
• Internal Loan (500 Russian Roubles) (1914)
  
• Internal Loan (1000 Russian Roubles) (1914)
  
• Internal Loan 1 (50 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• Internal Loan 1 (100 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• Internal Loan 1 (500 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• Internal Loan 1 (1000 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• Internal Loan 1 (10000 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• Internal Loan 2 (100 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• Internal Loan 2 (500 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• Internal Loan 2 (1000 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• Internal Loan 2 (5000 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• Internal Railway Loans (100 Russian Roubles) (1916)
  
• Internal Railway Loans (500 Russian Roubles) (1916)
  
• Internal Railway Loans (1000 Russian Roubles) (1916)
  
• Ir' Deem Le State Loan (111 Pounds Sterling) (1822)
  
• Ir' Deem Le State Loan (148 Pounds Sterling) (1822)
  
• Ir' Deem Le State Loan (1036 Pounds Sterling) (1822)
  
• Ir' Deem Le State Loan (518 Pounds Sterling) (1909)
  
• Ivangorod-Dombrova 1 (125 Silver Roubles) (1882)
  
• Ivangorod-Dombrova 11 (125 Silver Roubles) (1887)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/8 - Bonds issued by companies "J" (1909)

Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -

• Jeisk (100 Russian Roubles) (1909)
  
• Jeisk (500 Russian Roubles) (1909)
  
• Jeisk (1000 Russian Roubles) (1909)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/9 - Bonds issued by companies "K" (1887-1916)

Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -

• Kahetian (20 Pounds Sterling) (1912)
  
• Kahetian (100 Pounds Sterling) (1912)
  
• Kahetian (500 Pounds Sterling) (1912)
  
• Kharkov (1875 Russian Roubles) (1911)
  
• Kharkov (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1911)
  
• Kiev (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1909)
  
• Kiev XXII (20 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
  
• Kiev XXII (100 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
  
• Kiev XXII (500 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
  
• Kiev Municipal Electric Tramway (20 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
  
• Kiev Municipal Electric Tramway (100 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
  
• Kiev Municipal Electric Tramway (500 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
  
• Kokand-Namangan (20 Pounds Sterling) (1910)
  
• Kokand-Namangan (100 Pounds Sterling) (1910)
  
• Koltchouguion (500 Russian Roubles) (1916)
  
• Koltchouguion (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1913)
  
• Koslow-Voronesh-Rostow (600 German Marks) (1887)
  
• Koslow-Voronesh-Rostow (1000 German Marks) (1889)
  
• Kursk-Kharkov-Azov (125 Gold Roubles) (1894)
  
• Kursk-Kharkov-Azov A (600 German Marks) (1888)
  
• Kursk-Kharkov-Azov A (100 Pounds Sterling) (1888)
  
• Kursk-Kharkov-Azov B (500 German Marks) (1889)
  
• Kursk-Kharkov-Azov B (1000 German Marks) (1889)
  
• Kursk-Kharkov-Azov B (2000 German Marks) (1889)
  
• Kursk-Kiev (1000 German Marks) (1887)
  
• Kursk-Kiev (2000 German Marks) (1887)
  
• Kursk-Kiev A (500 German Marks) (1887)
  
• Kursk-Kiev B (500 German Marks) (1887)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/10 - Bonds issued by companies "L" (1864-1917)

Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -

• Liberty Loan (20 Russian Roubles) (1917)
  
• Liberty Loan (40 Russian Roubles) (1917)
  
• Liberty Loan (50 Russian Roubles) (1917)
  
• Liberty Loan (100 Russian Roubles) (1917)
  
• Liberty Loan (500 Russian Roubles) (1917)
  
• Liberty Loan (1000 Russian Roubles) (1917)
  
• Liberty Loan (5000 Russsian Roubles) (1917)
  
• Liberty Loan (10000 Russian Roubles) (1917)
  
• Liberty Loan (25000 Russian Roubles) (1917)
  
• Lottery Loan (100 Russian Roubles) (1864)
  
• Lottery Loan (100 Russian Roubles) (1866)
  
• Lottery Loan (200 Russian Roubles) (1917)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/11 - Bonds issued by companies "M" (1869-1916)

Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -

• Morschansk-Sysron (125 Gold Roubles) (1889)
  
• Moscow (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1909)
  
• Moscow (100 Russian Roubles) (1910)
  
• Moscow (500 Russian Roubles) (1910)
  
• Moscow (1000 Russian Roubles) (1910)
  
• Moscow (5000 Russian Roubles) (1910)
  
• Moscow (189 Russian Roubles) (1912)
  
• Moscow (945 Russian Roubles) (1912)
  
• Moscow (4725 Russian Roubles) (1912)
  
• Moscow (9450 Russian Roubles) (1912)
  
• Moscow XLIV-XLV (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1908)
  
• Moscow-Kasan (500 German Marks) (1901)
  
• Moscow-Kasan (1000 German Marks) (1901)
  
• Moscow-Kasan (2000 German Marks) (1901)
  
• Moscow-Kasan (500 German Marks) (1911)
  
• Moscow-Kasan (1000 German Marks) (1911)
  
• Moscow-Kasan (2000 German Marks) (1911)
  
• Moscow-Kasan (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
  
• Moscow-Kasan 1 (500 German Marks) (1909)
  
• Moscow-Kasan 1 (1000 German Marks) (1909)
  
• Moscow-Kasan 1 (2000 German Marks) (1909)
  
• Moscow-Kiev-Woron (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
  
• Moscow-Kiev-Woron (1000 Russian Roubles) (1916)
  
• Moscow-Kiev-Woron 1 (500 French Francs) (1903)
  
• Moscow-Kiev-Woron 1 (500 German Marks) (1909)
  
• Moscow-Kiev-Woron 1 (1000 German Marks) (1909)
  
• Moscow-Kiev-Woron 1 (2000 German Marks) (1909)
  
• Moscow-Kiev-Woron 1 (500 German Marks) (1910)
  
• Moscow-Kiev-Woron 1 (1000 German Marks) (1910)
  
• Moscow-Kiev-Woron 1 (2000 German Marks) (1910)
  
• Moscow-Kiev-Woron II (500 German Marks) (1895)
  
• Moscow-Kiev-Woron II (1000 German Marks) (1895)
  
• Moscow-Kiev-Woron II (2000 German Marks) (1895)
  
• Moscow-Kiev-Woron II (500 German Marks) (1909)
  
• Moscow-Kiev-Woron II (1000 German Marks) (1909)
  
• Moscow-Kiev-Woron II (2000 German Marks) (1909)
  
• Moscow-Kursk (500 German Marks) (1886)
  
• Moscow-Kursk (1000 German Marks) (1886)
  
• Moscow-Rjazan (500 German Marks) (1885)
  
• Moscow-Rjazan (1000 German Marks) (1885)
  
• Moscow-Smolensk (600 German Marks) (1869)
  
• Moscow-Smolensk (1000 German Marks) (1869)
  
• Moscow-Smolensk (1500 German Marks) (1869)
  
• Moscow-Smolensk (3000 German Marks) (1869)
  
• Moscow - various (189 Russian Roubles) (1908)
  
• Moscow - various (945 Russian Roubles) (1908)
  
• Moscow - various (4725 Russian Roubles) (1908)
  
• Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk (500 German Marks) (1897)
  
• Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk (1000 German Marks) (1897)
  
• Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk (2000 German Marks) (1897)
  
• Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk (500 German Marks) (1898)
  
• Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk (1000 German Marks) (1898)
  
• Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk (2000 German Marks) (1898)
  
• Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk (20 Pounds Sterling) (1899)
  
• Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk (100 Pounds Sterling) (1899)
  
• Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk (500 Pounds Sterling) (1899)
  
• Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk (1000 Pounds Sterling) (1899)
  
• Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk (500 French Francs) (1903)
  
• Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk (100 Russian Roubles) (1916)
  
• Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk (1000 Russian Roubles) (1916)
  
• Moscow-Yaroslaw-Archangel 1 (500 German Marks) (1897)
  
• Moscow-Yaroslaw-Archangel 1 (1000 German Marks) (1897)
  
• Moscow-Yaroslaw-Archangel 1 (2000 German Marks) (1897)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/12 - Bonds issued by companies "N" (1867-1914)

Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -

• Nicholas Railway - 1st Issue (125 Gold Roubles) (1867)
  
• Nicholas Railway - 2nd Issue (125 Gold Roubles) (1869)
  
• Nicholas Railway - 2nd Issue (625 Gold Roubles) (1869)
  
• Nicolayev I (189 Gold Roubles) (1912)
  
• Nicolayev I (945 Russian Roubles) (1912)
  
• Nicolayev I (4725 Russian Roubles) (1912)
  
• North-Donetz (500 French Francs) (1908)
  
• North-Donetz (500 French Francs) (1912)
  
• North-Donetz I (500 French Francs) (1914)
  
• North-Donetz II (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
  
• North-East Ural (500 French Francs) (1912)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/13 - Bonds issued by companies "O" (1887-1914)

Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -

• Olentz (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
  
• Orel-Griazi Series A (600 German Marks) (1887)
  
• Orel-Griazi Series B (500 German Marks) (1889)
  
• Orel-Griazi Series B (1000 German Marks) (1889)
  
• Orel-Griazi Series B (2000 German Marks) (1889)
  
• Orel-Vitebsk (125 Gold Roubles) (1894)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/14 - Bonds issued by companies "P" (1906-1914)

Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -

• Peasant's Land Bank (100 Russian Roubles) (1906)
  
• Peasant's Land Bank (150 Russian Roubles) (1906)
  
• Peasant's Land Bank (1000 Russian Roubles) (1909)
  
• Peasant's Land Bank (100 Russian Roubles) (1908)
  
• Peasant's Land Bank (1000 Russian Roubles) (1909)
  
• Peasant's Land Bank (100 Russian Roubles) (1912)
  
• Peasant's Land Bank (150 Russian Roubles) (1912)
  
• Peasant's Land Bank (1000 Russian Roubles) (1913)
  
• Perm (20 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
  
• Perm (100 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
  
• Perm (500 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
  
• Podolisk (500 German Marks) (1911)
  
• Podolisk (1000 German Marks) (1911)
  
• Podolisk (2000 German Marks) (1911)
  
• Podolisk (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/15 - Bonds issued by companies "R" (1825-1917)

Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -

• Rente (100 Russian Roubles) (1894)
  
• Rente (200 Russian Roubles) (1894)
  
• Rente (500 Russian Roubles) (1894)
  
• Rente (1000 Russian Roubles) (1894)
  
• Rente (5000 Russian Roubles) (1894)
  
• Rente (25000 Russian Roubles) (1894)
  
• Riga (189 Russian Roubles) (1913)
  
• Riga (945 Russian Roubles) (1913)
  
• Riga-Dvinsk (125 Gold Roubles) (1894)
  
• Rjazan-Koslow (500 German Marks A) (1896)
  
• Rjazan-Koslow (500 German Marks B) (1886)
  
• Rjazan-Koslow (1000 German Marks) (1886)
  
• Rjazan-Koslow (2000 German Marks) (1886)
  
• Rjazan-Uralsk (5000 Russian Roubles) (1893)
  
• Rjazan-Uralsk (125 Gold Roubles) (1894)
  
• Rjazan-Uralsk (625 Gold Roubles) (1894)
  
• Rjazan-Uralsk (500 German Marks) (1897)
  
• Rjazan-Uralsk (1000 German Marks) (1897)
  
• Rjazan-Uralsk (2000 German Marks) (1897)
  
• Rjazan-Uralsk (500 German Marks) (1898)
  
• Rjazan-Uralsk (1000 German Marks) (1898)
  
• Rjazan-Uralsk (2000 German Marks) (1898)
  
• Rjazan-Uralsk (500 French Francs) (1903)
  
• Rjazan-Uralsk (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1908)
  
• Rjazan-Uralsk (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
  
• Rjaschk-Wiasma (125 Gold Roubles) (1889)
  
• Russian (Dutch) Bond (1000 Russian Roubles) (1825)
  
• Russian State Loan (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1906)
  
• Russian State Loan (500 French Francs) (1909)
  
• Russian State Loan (500 Russian Roubles) (1895)
  
• Russian Treasury Bills (100 Russian Roubles) (1914)
  
• Russian Treasury Bills (50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
  
• Russian Treasury Bills (50 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• Russian Treasury Bills (100 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• Russian Treasury Bills (500 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• Russian Treasury Bills (1000 Russian Roubles) (1917)
  
• Russian Treasury Bills (5000 Russian Roubles) (1917)
  
• Russian Treasury Bills (10000 Russian Roubles) (1917)
  
• Rybinsk A (500 German Marks) (1895)
  
• Rybinsk B (500 German Marks) (1895)
  
• Rybinsk (1000 German Marks) (1895)
  
• Rybinsk (2000 German Marks) (1895)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/16 - Bonds issued by companies "S" (1885-1916)

Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -

• Saratov (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1909)
  
• Saratov (937.50 Russian Roubles) (1909)
  
• Semiretchensk (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1913)
  
• Sc-Em-Chemin de Fer (500 French Francs) (1913)
  
• South-Eastern Railway (20 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
  
• South-Eastern Railway (100 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
  
• South-Eastern Railway (500 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
  
• South-West (500 German Marks) (1897)
  
• South-West (1000 German Marks) (1897)
  
• South-West (2000 German Marks) (1897)
  
• South-West (500 German Marks) (1898)
  
• South-West (1000 German Marks) (1898)
  
• South-West (2000 German Marks) (1898)
  
• South-West (500 German Marks) (1901)
  
• South-West (1000 German Marks) (1901)
  
• South-West (2000 German Marks) (1901)
  
• South-West (500 French Francs) (1908)
  
• South-West (125 Gold Roubles) (1885)
  
• St Petersburg (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1901)
  
• St Petersburg (375.50 Russian Roubles) (1901)
  
• St Petersburg (1875 Russian Roubles) (1901)
  
• St Petersburg (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1908)
  
• St Petersburg (189 Russian Roubles) (1913)
  
• St Petersburg (945 Russian Roubles) (1913)
  
• St Petersburg (4725 Russian Roubles) (1913)
  
• St Petersburg (9450 Russian Roubles) (1913)
  
• St Petersburg - Scripts (20 Pounds Sterling) (1913)
  
• St Petersburg - Scripts (100 Pounds Sterling) (1913)
  
• St Petersburg - Scripts (500 Pounds Sterling) (1913)
  
• St Petersburg - Scripts (1000 Pounds Sterling) (1913)
  
• State Bond (500 Russian Roubles) (1912)
  
• State Loan (500 German Marks) (1902)
  
• State Loan (1000 German Marks) (1902)
  
• State Loan (2000 German Marks) (1902)
  
• State Loan (5000 German Marks) (1902)
  
• State Loan (500 German Marks) (1905)
  
• State Loan (1000 German Marks) (1905)
  
• State Loan (2000 German Marks) (1905)
  
• State Loan (5000 German Marks) (1905)
  
• State Short-Term Loan (50 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• State Short-Term Loan (100 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• State Short-Term Loan (500 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• State Short-Term Loan (1000 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• State Short-Term Loan (5000 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• State Short-Term Loan (10000 Russian Roubles) (1915)
  
• State Short-Term Loan (50 Russian Roubles) (1916)
  
• State Short-Term Loan (100 Russian Roubles) (1916)
  
• State Short-Term Loan (500 Russian Roubles) (1916)
  
• State Short-Term Loan (1000 Russian Roubles) (1916)
  
• State Short-Term Loan (5000 Russian Roubles) (1916)
  
• State Short-Term Loan (10000 Russian Roubles) (1916)
  
• State Short-Term Loan (25000 Russian Roubles) (1916)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/17 - Bonds issued by companies "T" (1882-1916)

Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -

• Tambov-Savatov (125 Gold Roubles) (1882)
  
• Tauris (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1913)
  
• Transcaucasian Railway (125 Gold Roubles) (1882)
  
• Transcaucasian Railway (625 Gold Roubles) (1882)
  
• Transcaucasian Railway (500 French Francs) (1890)
  
• Troitzk (20 Pounds Sterling) (1910)
  
• Troitzk (100 Pounds Sterling) (1910)
  
• Troitzk (500 Pounds Sterling) (1910)
  
• Troitzk (20 Pounds Sterling) (1913)
  
• Troitzk (100 Pounds Sterling) (1913)
  
• Troitzk (500 Pounds Sterling) (1913)
  
• Troitzker (100 Russian Roubles) (1916)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/18 - Bonds issued by company "U" (1916)

Contents: bonds issued by the following company -

• US Dollar Bonds (100 US Dollars) (1916)
  
• US Dollar Bonds (1000 US Dollars) (1916)
  

(Languages) English

1 bundle

RUI/19 - Bonds issued by companies "V" (1885-1913)

Contents: bonds issued by the following company -

• Vilna (189 Russian Roubles) (1912)
  
• Vladikavkas (125 Gold Roubles) (1885)
  
• Vladikavkas (125 Gold Roubles) (1894)
  
• Vladikavkas (500 German Marks A) (1895)
  
• Vladikavkas (500 German Marks B) (1895)
  
• Vladikavkas (1000 German Marks) (1895)
  
• Vladikavkas (2000 German Marks) (1895)
  
• Vladikavkas (500 German Marks) (1897)
  
• Vladikavkas (1000 German Marks) (1897)
  
• Vladikavkas (2000 German Marks) (1897)
  
• Vladikavkas (500 German Marks) (1898)
  
• Vladikavkas (1000 German Marks) (1898)
  
• Vladikavkas (2000 German Marks) (1898)
  
• Vladikavkas (1000 US Dollars) (1900)
  
• Vladikavkas I (500 German Marks) (1909)
  
• Vladikavkas I (1000 German Marks) (1909)
  
• Vladikavkas (2000 German Marks) (1909)
  
• Vladikavkas (500 German Marks) (1912)
  
• Vladikavkas (1000 German Marks) (1912)
  
• Vladikavkas (2000 German Marks) (1912)
  
• Vladikavkas (500 German Marks) (1913)
  
• Vladikavkas (1000 German Marks) (1913)
  
• Vladikavkas (2000 German Marks) (1913)
  
• Volga-Bugulma (500 French Francs) (1910)
  
• Volga-Bugulma I (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1908)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/20 - Bonds issued by companies "W" (1860-1912)

Contents: bonds issued by the following company -

• Warsaw-Vienna (125 Gold Roubles) (1890)
  
• Warsaw-Vienna (625 Gold Roubles) (1890)
  
• Warsaw-Vienna (1250 Gold Roubles) (1890)
  
• Warsaw-Vienna I (500 French Francs) (1860)
  
• Warsaw-Vienna 9 (125 Gold Roubles) (1894)
  
• Warsaw-Vienna 9 (625 Gold Roubles) (1894)
  
• Warsaw-Vienna 9 (1250 Gold Roubles) (1894)
  
• Warsaw-Vienna 10 (500 German Marks) (1901)
  
• Warsaw-Vienna 10 (1000 German Marks) (1901)
  
• Warsaw-Vienna 10 (2000 German Marks) (1901)
  
• Warsaw-Vienna 11 (500 German Marks) (1901)
  
• Warsaw-Vienna 11 (1000 German Marks) (1901)
  
• Warsaw-Vienna 11 (2000 German Marks) (1901)
  
• West-Ural (500 French Francs) (1912)
  
• Wolmar (20 Pounds Sterling) (1910)
  
• Wolmar (100 Pounds Sterling) (1910)
  

(Languages) English & French & German & Russian

1 bundle

RUI/21 - Bonds issued by company "Y" (1911)

Contents: bonds issued by the following company -

• Yalta (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1911)
  

(Languages) French & Russian

1 bundle