We’ve all heard of the
inflationary horrors so many countries have lived through in the past.
Third-world countries, developing nations, and advanced economies alike—no
country in history has escaped the debilitating fallout of unrepentant
currency abuse. And we expect the same fallout to impact the US, the EU,
Japan, China—all of today’s countries that have turned to the printing press
as a solution to their economic woes.
Now, it seems obvious to
us that the way to protect one’s self against high inflation is to hold one’s
wealth in gold… But did citizens in countries that have experienced high or
hyperinflation turn to gold in response? Gold enthusiasts may assume so, but
what does the data actually show?
Well, Casey Metals Team
researcher Alena Mikhan dug up the data. Here’s a country-by-country
analysis…
Brazil
Investment demand for
gold grew before Brazil’s debt crisis and economic stagnation of the 1980s.
However, it really took off in the late ‘80s, when already-high inflation
(100-150% annually) picked up steam and hit unsustainable levels in 1989.
Year
|
Inflation
|
Investment
demand
(tonnes)
|
1986
|
167.8%
|
20.0
|
1987
|
218.5%
|
42.8
|
1988
|
554.2%
|
61.5
|
1989
|
1,972%*
|
86.5
|
1990
|
116.2%**
|
-74
|
Source: The International Gold Trade by Tony
Warwick-Ching, 1993; inflation.eu
*Measured from December to December
**Year-end rate
During this period,
investment demand for bullion skyrocketed 333%, from 20 tonnes in 1976 to
86.5 tonnes in 1989.
And notice what happened
to demand when inflation began to reverse. Substantial liquidations, showing
demand’s direct link to inflation.
Indonesia
Indonesia was hit by a
severe economic crisis in 1998. The average inflation rate spiked to 58% that
year.
Year
|
Inflation
|
Investment
demand (t)
|
1997
|
6.2%
|
11.5
|
1998
|
58.0%
|
22.5
|
1999
|
24.0%
|
11.0
|
2000
|
3.7%
|
8.5
|
Sources: World Gold
Council, inflation.eu
Gold demand doubled as
inflation surged. It’s worth pointing out that investment demand in 1997 was already
at a record high.
Also, total demand in
1999 reached 120.8 tonnes (not just demand directly attributable to
investment), 18% more than in pre-crisis 1997. But overall, once inflation
cooled, so again did gold demand.
India
While India has a
traditional love of gold, its numbers also demonstrate a direct link between
demand and rising inflation. The average inflation rate in 1998 climbed to
13%, and you can see how Indians responded with total consumer demand.
(Specifically investment demand data, as distinct from broader consumer
demand data, is not available for all countries.)
Year
|
Inflation
|
Consumer
demand* (t)
|
1996
|
8.9%
|
507
|
1997
|
7.2%
|
688
|
1998
|
13.1%
|
774
|
1999
|
4.8%
|
730
|
Sources: World Gold Council, inflation.eu
*Includes net retail investment and jewelry
Gold demand hit a record
of 774.4 tonnes, 13% above the record set just a year earlier. In fairness,
we’ll point out that gold consumption was also growing due to a liberalization
of gold import rules at the end of 1997.
When inflation cooled,
the same pattern of falling gold demand emerged.
Egypt, Vietnam, United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Here are three countries
from the same time frame last decade. Like India, we included jewelry demand
since that’s how many consumers in these countries buy their gold.
Year
|
Egypt
|
Vietnam
|
UAE
|
Inflation
|
Consumer
demand (t)
|
Inflation
|
Consumer
demand (t)
|
Inflation
|
Consumer
demand (t)
|
2006
|
6.5%
|
60.5
|
7.5%
|
86.1
|
10%
|
96.0
|
2007
|
9.5%
|
68.5
|
8.3%
|
77.5
|
14%
|
107.3
|
2008
|
18.3%
|
76.8
|
24.4%
|
115.8
|
20%
|
109.5
|
2009
|
11.9%
|
58.4
|
7.0%
|
73.3
|
1.6%
|
73.9
|
Sources: World Gold
Council, indexmundi.com
Egypt saw inflation triple from 2006 to
2008, and you can see consumer demand for bullion grew as well. Even more
impressive is what the table doesn’t show: Investment
demand grew 247% in 1998 over the year before. Overall tonnage was
relatively modest, though, from 0.7 to 2.5 tonnes.
Vietnam and the
United Arab Emirates saw similar patterns. Gold consumption increased when inflation peaked
in 2008. Again, it was investment demand that saw the biggest increases. It
grew 71% in Vietnam, and 27% in the United Arab Emirates.
And when inflation
subsided? You guessed it: Demand fell.
Japan
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s plan to kill deflation pushed Japan’s consumer
price inflation index to 1.2% last year—still low, but it had been flat or
falling for almost two decades, including 2012.
Year
|
Inflation
|
Consumer
demand (t)
|
2012
|
-0.1%
|
6.6
|
2013
|
1.2%
|
21.3
|
In response, demand for gold coins, bars, and jewelry jumped threefold in
the Land of the Rising Sun.
One of the biggest investment sectors that saw increased demand,
interestingly, was in pension funds.
Belarus
Unlike many of the nations above, citizens from this country of the former
Soviet Union do not have a deep-rooted tradition for gold. However, in 2011,
the Belarusian ruble experienced a near threefold depreciation vs. the US
dollar. As usual, people bought dollars and euros—but in a new trend, turned
to gold as well.
We don’t have access to all the data used in the tables above, but we have
firsthand information from people in the country. In the first quarter of
2011, just when it became clear inflation would be severe, gold bar sales
increased five times compared to the same period a year earlier. In
March alone that year, 471.5 kg of gold (15,158 ounces) were purchased by
this small country, which equaled 30% of total gold sales, from just one year
earlier. Silver and platinum bullion sales grew noticeably as well.
The “gold rush” didn’t live long, however, as the central bank took
measures to curb demand.
Argentina
Argentina’s annual inflation rate topped 26% in March last year, which,
according to Bloomberg, made residents “desperate for gold.” Specific data is
hard to come by because only one bank in the country trades gold, but
everything we read had the same conclusion: Argentines bought more gold last
year than ever before.
At one point, one bank, Banco Ciudad, even tried to buy gold directly from
mining companies because it couldn’t keep up with demand. Some analysts
report that demand has continued this year but that it has shown up in gold stocks.
What to
Do—NOW
History clearly shows there is a direct link between inflation and gold
demand. When inflation jumps, or even when inflation expectations
rise, investors turn to gold in greater numbers. And when gold demand rises,
so does its price—you can guess what happens to gold stocks.
With the amount of money the developed countries continue to print, high
to hyperinflation is virtually inevitable. We cannot afford to believe in
free lunches.
The conclusion is inescapable: One must buy gold (and silver) now, before
the masses rush in. The upcoming inflationary storm will encompass most of
the globe, so the amount of demand could push prices far higher than many
think—and further, make bullion scarce.
Your neighbors will soon be buying. We suggest beating them to the punch.
Remember, gold speaks every language, is highly liquid anywhere in the
world, and is a proven store of wealth over thousands of years.
But what to buy? Where? How?
We can help. With a subscription to our monthly newsletter, BIG GOLD, you’ll get the Bullion Buyers
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