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Morgan
Stanley has just issued a solid report on Indian Gold demand and its shape.
We at Gold Forecaster believe it
gives very good insight into the Indian gold investors’ thinking. The
addition of some background on the Indian culture helps us to get a
perspective of Indian gold investor psyche and to his social structure and
how it contributes to his attitude to gold. Morgan Stanley conducted a survey
of 2,019 urban and rural gold buyers across 16 Indian cities for urban
consumers and 8 Indian states for rural consumers.
The survey
report notes that Indians own 20,000 tonnes of gold
worth $1 trillion.
Household gold
consumption appears to have gone up to $45 billion in 2011 from $19 billion
in 2009. To put things in perspective, India's gross domestic product (GDP)
is inching closer to $2 trillion. This means, the value of gold held by
Indians comprises nearly half of the country's GDP.
Gold accounts
for one-third of the household portfolios Morgan Stanley surveyed.
The love of gold in India goes far beyond a simple source of future
profits. It’s an expression of wealth, financial security and family
stability. It also carries religious overtones. In addition it reflects his
attitude to business, government and government bureaucracy. The net result
is a structure that’s oriented to family and financial self preservation.
The Family and its Financial Attitudes
The family in India is the core of Indian society. Grandparents and
parents are the Elders who are deeply respected even amongst the most
educated urban Indians. Their offspring usually follow their recommendation,
even on family investments. The family sits at a level of importance that is
far higher than governments. Family finances are not linked, almost
unbreakably, to the banking system as in the developed world. Morgan
Stanley indicates that the demand for gold will be split equally among
investments and `life events' (which includes marriage or other ceremony,
religious occasions, gifting, fashion statements and the like) and
discretionary consumption.
The report adds
that in 2012, gold demand for life events is expected to increase by 50%
pushed by an increase demand from rural India. Consider the belief that ‘gold
brings good fortune’. In 2000, the gold price was just under $300.
It now stands at $1,600. Imagine you are the mother of the bride and look at
your gold holdings and at today’s value. Wouldn’t you feel this
had served your family well and must surely serve your daughter’s
daughters as well? This belief will continue for generations to come and
Indian demand will continue growing.
The developed world financial structures do not transcend the family
financial traits. Indians, (wherever you find them in the world) deal in
cash, their businesses and income of no concern to outsiders particularly the
corrupt bureaucracy of India.
An Indian’s perception of banks is that the privacy of an
Indian’s financial life is lost when his funds are placed in their
safe-keeping. Government and government bureaucracy have access to this
information. Frequently corrupt government bureaucrats then harass Indian
businesses for illegal payments to influence the duty or tax collection
efforts. Because of a long history of corruption in government, businesses
fail to disclose accurate figure or any figures at all to them.
Hence Indians hate credit and love cash.
Profits from agriculture are tax free, so these tend to go into land
or gold. Profits thereafter are taxable but rarely are properly declared.
Indians see this as a consequence of government corruption, not their own
illegal activities. Such a situation reinforces the family financial cocoon.
Inevitably this has led to an alternative banking system among Indian
society. Wealthy locals will use their gold as collateral to acquire loans.
These are not officially ‘seen’ and repaid in cash when due.
Around 13% of
Indian households have taken loans against gold in the last year, with a
slightly greater prevalence in rural India. Some 60% of rural households
choose the unorganized sector for taking gold loans, while banks are now
preferred by urban households. These loans are usually taken for funding
farming activities in the case of rural households, while for urban
households the reasons are quite dispersed. The rate of interest on such
loans is in the 15% to 20% range.
Bear in mind,
urban households do not have the tax benefit of tax free income whereas
farmers do.
How does gold fit into this picture you may well ask? In the Indian
family male offspring are especially treasured, even to the extent that the
brides in their wedding have to supply a dowry. This is not a gift to the
groom, per se, but the ‘working capital’ the new family unit
starts off with. The husband supplies the new family’s assets, i.e.
property, etc. Together they then start their married life with some
financial security, hopefully to last through to the time when their children
get married themselves. Then the parents contribute from their finances, the
father, assets to the son and mother gold to their daughter.
Thus gold is more than a commodity, or even just money; it’s an
integral part of the weave and weft
of Indian family life. The dowry often comes in the form of beautiful jewelry
adorning the bride as she is presented to her husband. A wedding is the
social highlight of the nation and can last for days. Just how big a demand
for gold will this produce in the future?
50% of the population is under 25, and there will be 15 million
weddings per annum over the next decade.
But don’t see that just as jewelry, it is at the end of the day
their ‘working capital’. Hence, it’s difficult to make a
distinction between investment and jewelry demand because in India, these two
ideas are inseparable. Gold jewelry is usually 22 or 24-carat. Western 18 or
9-carat jewelry is not deemed to be acceptable to them because of this
function.
Religion Plays a Part!
Over time it has found a corner in the religion of India. The God of
Good Fortune, Ganesa, the elephant-headed god is
important as Hindus want to know the right time to buy gold when they are
able to. Their gods dictate when it is ‘auspicious’ to buy and
when it’s ‘auspicious’ to get married, as they believe that
this will affect their future financial lives as well. That’s why
Technical analysis has not yet found a good place in the timing of gold buying
in India. Auspicious dates dominate. The Western gold world keeps a sharp eye
on just when these days are due in the year. With gold imports to India
reaching over 800 tonnes in a good year and 500 tonnes in a bad year, this demand accounts for between 20%
of total gold supply [30% or newly mined gold] in a good year and 12.5% of
total gold supply and 20% of newly mined gold in a bad year.
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