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“It is to be regretted that the rich and powerful too often bend
the acts of government to their selfish purposes. Distinctions in society will
always exist under every just government. Equality of talents, of education,
or of wealth can not be produced by human
institutions.
In the full enjoyment of the gifts of Heaven and the fruits of superior
industry, economy, and virtue, every man is equally entitled to protection by
law; but when the laws undertake to add to these natural and just advantages
artificial distinctions, to grant titles, gratuities, and exclusive
privileges, to make the rich richer and the potent more powerful, the humble members
of society — the farmers, mechanics, and laborers — who have
neither the time nor the means of securing like favors to themselves, have a
right to complain of the injustice of their government.
There are no necessary evils in government. Its evils exist only in its
abuses. If it would confine itself to equal protection, and, as Heaven does
its rains, shower its favors alike on the high and the low, the rich and the
poor, it would be an unqualified blessing."
Andrew Jackson, Veto of the Second
Bank of the United States
"Gentlemen! I too have been a close observer of the doings of the Bank
of the United States. I have had men watching you for a long time, and am
convinced that you have used the funds of the bank to speculate in the
breadstuffs of the country.
When you won, you divided the profits amongst you, and when you lost, you
charged it to the bank. You tell me that if I take the deposits from the bank
and annul its charter I shall ruin ten thousand families. That may be true,
gentlemen, but that is your sin!
Should I let you go on, you will ruin fifty thousand families, and that would
be my sin! You are a den of vipers and thieves. I have determined to rout you
out, and by the Eternal, (bringing his fist down on the table) I will rout you
out."
From the original minutes of the Philadelphia bankers sent to meet with
President Jackson February 1834, from Andrew Jackson and the Bank
of the United States (1928) by Stan V. Henkels
On our dinner cards tonight is a medallion portrait of a man who gave
a memorable toast, "The Federal Union, it must be preserved."
This meeting tonight, in the City of Washington, is one of many hundreds
being held throughout our forty-eight States and territorial possessions and
even on board ships at sea, in honor of the memory of a great General, a
great President, Andrew Jackson. To all of you I extend my most sincere and
heartfelt greetings.
I am happy to stand here tonight and declare to you that the real issue
before the United States is the right of the average man and woman to lead a
finer, a better and a happier life. And that was the same issue, more than a
hundred years ago, that confronted Andrew Jackson.
I speak tonight to this Democratic meeting, to these Democratic meetings
throughout the Nation, in the same language as if I were addressing a
Republican gathering, a Progressive gathering, an Independent gathering, a
Farmer-Labor gathering, a gathering of business men or a gathering of workers
or farmers. There is nothing that I say here tonight that does not apply to
every citizen in the country no matter what his or her political affiliations
may be.
It is true that we Americans have found party organizations to be useful, and
indeed necessary, in the crystallization of opinion and in the demarcation of
issues. It is true that I have received many honors at the hands of one of
our great parties. It is nevertheless true that in the grave questions that confront the United States at this hour, I, as
President of the United States, must and will consider our common problems
first, foremost and preeminently from the American point of view.
To most of us, Andrew Jackson appropriately has become the symbol of certain
great ideals. I like best to think of him as a man whom the average American
deeply and fundamentally understood. To the masses of his countrymen, his
purposes and his character were an open book. They loved him well because
they understood him well—his passion for justice, his championship of
the cause of the exploited and the downtrodden, his ardent: and flaming
patriotism.
Jackson sought social justice; Jackson fought for human rights in his many
battles to protect the people against autocratic or oligarchic aggression.
If at times his passionate devotion to this cause of the average citizen lent
an amazing zeal to his thoughts, to his speech and to his actions, the people
loved him for it the more. They realized the intensity of the attacks made by
his enemies, by those who, thrust from power and position, pursued him with
relentless hatred. The beneficiaries of the abuses to which he put an end
pursued him with all the violence that political passions can generate. But
the people of his day were not deceived. They loved him for the enemies he
had made.
Backed not only by his party but by thousands who had belonged to other
parties or belonged to no party at all, Andrew Jackson was compelled to fight
every inch of the way for the ideals and the policies of the Democratic
Republic which was his ideal. An overwhelming proportion of the material
power of the Nation was arrayed against him. The great media for the
dissemination of information and the molding of public opinion fought him.
Haughty and sterile intellectualism opposed him. Musty reaction disapproved
him. Hollow and outworn traditionalism shook a trembling finger at him. It
seemed sometimes that all were against him—all but the people of the
United States.
Because history so often repeats itself, let me analyze further. Andrew
Jackson stands out in the century and a half of our independent history not
merely because he was two-fisted, not merely because he fought for the
people's rights, but because, through his career, he did as much as any man
in our history to increase, on the part of the voters, knowledge of public
problems and an interest in their solution. Following the fundamentals of
Jefferson, he adhered to the broad philosophy that decisions made by the
average of the voters would be more greatly enduring for, and helpful to, the
Nation than decisions made by small segments of the electorate representing
small or special classes endowed with great advantages of social or economic
power.
He, like Jefferson, faced with the grave difficulty of disseminating facts to
the electorate, to the voters as a whole, was compelled to combat epithets,
generalities, misrepresentation and the suppression of facts by the
process of asking his supporters, and indeed all citizens, to constitute
themselves informal committees for the purpose of obtaining the facts and of
spreading them abroad among their friends, their associates and their
fellow workers.
I am aware that some wise-cracking columnist will probably say that good old
Jackson no doubt realized that every red-blooded American citizen considered himself a committee of one anyway. Nevertheless, Jackson
got his ideas and his ideals across not through any luxurious propaganda, but
because the man on the street and the man on the farm believed in his ideas,
believed in his ideals and his honesty, went out and dug up the facts and
spread them abroad throughout the land.
History repeats—and I am becoming dimly conscious of the fact that this
year we are to have a national election. Sometimes at the close of a day I
say to myself that the last national election must have been held a dozen
years ago—so much water has run under the bridge, so many great events
in our history have occurred since then. And yet but thirty-four months, less
than three years, have gone by since March, 1933.
History repeats—in those crowded months, as in the days of Jackson, two
great achievements stand forth—the rebirth of the interest and
understanding of a great citizenry in the problems of the Nation, and an
established Government which by positive action has proved its devotion to
the recovery and well-being of that citizenry.
Whatever may be the platform, whoever may be the nominee of the Democratic
Party—and I am told by the Chairman that a Convention is to be held to
decide these momentous questions—the basic issue, my friends, will be
inevitably the retention of popular Government—an issue fraught once
more with the difficult problem of disseminating facts and yet more facts, in
the face of an opposition bent on hiding and distorting facts.
And that, my friends, is why organization, not party organization
alone—important as that is—but organization among all those,
regardless of party, who believe in retaining progress and ideals, is so
essential.
That is why, in addition to organization, I make this specific
recommendation—that each and every one of you who are interested in
obtaining the facts and in spreading those facts abroad, each and every one
of you interested in getting at the truth that lies somewhere behind the
smoke screen of charges and countercharges of a national campaign, constitute
yourself a committee of one. To do this you need no parchment certificate, to
do this you need no title. To do this you need only your own conviction, your
own intelligence and your own belief in the highest duty of the American
citizen.
To act as such a committee of one you will need only your own appointment, an
appointment which carries with it some effort, some obligation on your part
to carry out the task you have assigned to yourself. You will have to run
down statements made to you by others which you may believe to be false. You
will need to analyze the motives of those who make assertions to you. You
will need to make an inventory in your own community, in order that you may
check and recheck for yourself and thereby be in a position to answer those
who have been misled or those who would mislead.
After my Annual Message to the Congress last Friday evening, I received many
appreciative letters and telegrams from all over the country, and I think it
will interest you to know that within a few hours I received more of these
than at any time since the critical days of the spring of 1933. I have
carefully read those letters and telegrams and I found two facts that I think
are worthy of repeating to you tonight. The first is that out of the many,
many hundreds, a very large number were sent to me by families who evidently
heard my Message while grouped together in the family home. "My wife and
I want you to know how much we appreciate," and so forth—or
"The Jones family, gathered tonight with our friends, sends you this
message of confidence." In other words, as greatly as and perhaps even
more greatly than on any other occasion since I have been in the White House,
I have the definite feeling that what I have said about the great problems
that face us as a Nation has received a responsive, an appreciative and an
understanding answer in the homes of America. This means a lot tome.
The other interesting fact about these letters and telegrams is the very
great number of them that come from business men, from storekeepers, from
bankers and from manufacturers. The gist of their messages to me is that they
are grateful, that they appreciate my statement that it is but a minority of
business and finance that would "gang up" against the people's
liberties. I reiterate that assertion tonight. By far the greater part of
the business men, industrialists, and other employers of the Nation seek no
special advantage; they seek only an equal opportunity to share in the common
benefits, the common responsibilities and the common obligations of their
Government.
I am naturally grateful for this support and for the understanding on their
part that the Government of the United States seeks to give them a square
deal and a better deal—seeks to protect them, yes, to save them from
being plowed under by the small minority of business men and financiers,
against whom you and I will continue to wage war.
We can be thankful that men and women in all walks of life realize more and
more that Government is still a living force in their lives. They understand
that the value of their Government depends on the interest which they display
in it and the knowledge they have of its policies.
A Government can be no better than the public opinion which sustains it.
I know that you will not be surprised by lack of comment on my part tonight
on the recent decision of the Supreme Court. I cannot and will not render
offhand judgment without studying, with the utmost care, two of the most
momentous opinions, the majority opinion and the minority opinion, that have
ever been rendered, in any case before the Supreme Court of the United
States. The ultimate results of the language of these opinions will
profoundly affect the lives of Americans for many years to come. It is enough
to say that the attainment of justice and the continuance of prosperity for
American agriculture remain an immediate and constant objective of my
Administration.
Just as Jackson roused the people to their fundamental duties as citizens, so
must the leadership of this era do its utmost to encourage and sustain
widespread interest in public affairs. There was something of eternal youth
in the spirit of Andrew Jackson. The destiny of youth became the destiny of
America.
Tasks immediately before us are as arduous as the conquest of the frontiers a
century ago. The Nation is still young, still growing, still
conscious of its high destiny. Enthusiasm and the intelligence of the youth
of the land are necessary to the fulfillment of that destiny.
As
I understand the temper of the people, particularly the temper of youth, no
party of reaction, no candidates of reaction can fulfill the hope and the
faith of that everlasting spirit. It is the sacred duty of us who are vested
with the responsibility of leadership to justify the expectations of the
young men and women of the United States.
We are at peace with the world; but the fight goes on. Our frontiers of today
are economic, not geographic. Our enemies of today are the forces of
privilege and greed within our own borders.
May a double portion of Old Hickory's heroic spirit be
upon us tonight. May we be inspired by the power and the glory and the
justice of his rugged and fearless life.
The people of America know the heart and know the purpose of their
Government.
They, and we, will not retreat.
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jackson Day Dinner Address, Washington, D.C.
January 8, 1936
Remember these leaders, these giants, from days gone by, and their unselfish
defense of liberty and the people, as we look upon the empty suits, self-serving
spokesmodels, and heartless mannequins, vetted and strutted out by the corporate interests, who pretend to
the leadership of their great nation in its time of greatest need.
And let us not blame them, for the fault is ours in not having the courage to
stand for the truth, even in the most incidental ways, to pass the honest
message on, to resist the allure of demagogues, prejudice and old hatreds,
the fear of otherness, the seductive mouthpieces and clever arguments of
powerful and the monied interests, and support the
voices of fundamental reform and equal protection for all people under the
law.
What is remarkable is not how many sell themselves and their honor, but how
eagerly, how cheaply. But the profit does not matter if one considers
their soul to be worth nothing.
And if lawlessness increases, the hearts of many will grow cold. And then
comes the downfall, and hell comes with it.
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